Aurora:Qandahar: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Qandahar Flag.png|alt=Qandahar Flag|thumb|Qandahar Flag]] | [[File:Qandahar Flag.png|alt=Qandahar Flag|thumb|Qandahar Flag]] | ||
[[File:Qandahar Coat Of Arms.png|alt=Qandahar Coat Of Arms|thumb|Qandahar Coat Of Arms]] | [[File:Qandahar Coat Of Arms.png|alt=Qandahar Coat Of Arms|thumb|Qandahar Coat Of Arms]] | ||
A Town In Afghanistan With A Big History | A Town In Afghanistan With A Big History | ||
Town Government: | |||
Qandahar is A Authoritarianism-Democracy But with "freedom" of talk | |||
The '''Battle of Qandahar''' , 1 September 1880, was the last major conflict of the Second Angio-Afghan War. The battle in southern Afghanistan was fought between the British forces under command of General Balls and the Qandahar forces led by Sir Bill D(bill04112009). It ended with a decisive Afghan victory, having inflicted nearly 3,000 casualties. | The '''Battle of Qandahar''' , 1 September 1880, was the last major conflict of the Second Angio-Afghan War. The battle in southern Afghanistan was fought between the British forces under command of General Balls and the Qandahar forces led by Sir Bill D(bill04112009). It ended with a decisive Afghan victory, having inflicted nearly 3,000 casualties. | ||
{{ | {{Nation|capital_city=Qandahar|discord=https://discord.gg/VWrncDMFxQ|economic_system=[[File:Gold_Icon.png|30px]] Socialistic|established=August 28th, 2022|full_name=The Municipality Of Qandahar|leader=[[File:Leader bill .png|30px]] Sir_Bill_D(bill04112009)|ministers=G3_Coolness, ItsSullyBruv, Hitman2164|name_in_towny=Qandahar|political_system=Authoritarianism-Democracy|population=8|title1=Qandahar|chunks=16|motto=Glory To Qandahar And Its People|part_of=Kingdom Of Afghanistan|continent=Asia|official_language=English|official_religion=Saxon Our God|color=Black|Photo=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bd/Kandahar50fs.png|image=[[FileQandahar Flag.png|300px]]|Historical Information=The Battle of Qandahar , 1 September 1880, was the last major conflict of the Second Angio-Afghan War. The battle in southern Afghanistan was fought between the British forces under command of General Balls and the Qandahar forces led by Sir Bill D(bill04112009). It ended with a decisive Afghan victory, having inflicted nearly 3,000 casualties.|nation_name=Kingdom Of Afghanistan|army_size=100}} | ||
'''Qandahar''' (<small>English:</small> [[Help:IPA/English|/ˈkændəˌhɑːr/]]; [[Pashto language|Pashto]]: کندهار Qandahār, [[Dari language|Dari]]: قندهار, Qandahār) is a [[List of cities in Afghanistan|city]] in [[Afghanistan]], located in the south of the country on the [[Arghandab River]], at an elevation of 1,010 m (3,310 ft). It is Afghanistan's second largest city after [[Kabul]], with a population of about 614,118. It is the capital of [[Kandahar Province|Qandahar Province]] as well as the de facto capital of the [[Taliban]], formally known as the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]. It also happens to be the centre of the larger cultural region called [[Loy Kandahar]]. In 1709, [[Mirwais Hotak]] made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar into the capital of the [[Hotak dynasty]]. In 1747, [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], founder of the [[Durrani dynasty]], made Kandahar the capital of the [[Durrani Empire|Afghan Empire]]. | '''Qandahar''' (<small>English:</small> [[Help:IPA/English|/ˈkændəˌhɑːr/]]; [[Pashto language|Pashto]]: کندهار Qandahār, [[Dari language|Dari]]: قندهار, Qandahār) is a [[List of cities in Afghanistan|city]] in [[Afghanistan]], located in the south of the country on the [[Arghandab River]], at an elevation of 1,010 m (3,310 ft). It is Afghanistan's second largest city after [[Kabul]], with a population of about 614,118. It is the capital of [[Kandahar Province|Qandahar Province]] as well as the de facto capital of the [[Taliban]], formally known as the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]. It also happens to be the centre of the larger cultural region called [[Loy Kandahar]]. In 1709, [[Mirwais Hotak]] made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar into the capital of the [[Hotak dynasty]]. In 1747, [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], founder of the [[Durrani dynasty]], made Kandahar the capital of the [[Durrani Empire|Afghan Empire]]. | ||
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The memory of the wars fought over Kandahar at this time is preserved in the epic poem ''Qandahār-nāma'' ("The Campaign Against Qandahār"), a major work of [[Saib Tabrizi]] which is a classic of Persian literature. | The memory of the wars fought over Kandahar at this time is preserved in the epic poem ''Qandahār-nāma'' ("The Campaign Against Qandahār"), a major work of [[Saib Tabrizi]] which is a classic of Persian literature. | ||
Modern: | |||
Mirwais Hotak, chief of the Ghilji tribe, revolted in 1709 by killing Gurgin Khan, an ethnic Georgian subject and governor of the Shia Safavid Persians. After establishing the Hotak dynasty in Kandahar, Mirwais and his army successfully defeated subsequent expeditions by Kay Khusraw and Rustam Khán. Mirwais resisted attempts by the Persian government who were seeking to convert the Afghans from Sunni to the Shia sect of Islam. He died of a natural death in November 1715 and was succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz, but after being suspected of giving Kandahar's sovereignty back to the Persians he was killed by his nephew Mahmud Hotak. | |||
In 1722, Mahmud led an army of Afghans to the Safavid capital [[Isfahan]] and proclaimed himself King of Persia. The [[Hotak dynasty]] was eventually removed from power by a new Persian ruler, [[Nader Shah]]. In 1738, Nader Shah invaded Afghanistan and destroyed the now [[Old Kandahar|''Old Kandahar'']], which was held by [[Hussain Hotak]] and his [[Ghilji]] tribes.<sup>[26]</sup> In the meantime, Nader Shah freed [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Khan]] (later [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]) and his brother Zulfikar who were held prisoners by the Hotak ruler. Before leaving southern Afghanistan for Delhi in India, Nader Shah laid out the foundation for a new town to be built next to the destroyed ancient city, naming it "[[Naderabad, Kandahar|Naderabad]]". His rule ended in June 1747 after being murdered by his Persian guards.<sup>[27]</sup> | |||
Ahmad Shah Durrani, chief of the [[Durrani]] tribe, gained control of Kandahar and made it the capital of his new [[Durrani Empire|Afghan Empire]] in October 1747. Initially, Ahmad Shah had trouble finding land on which to build his city. His own tribe had no extensive lands and others who had, such as the Alikozai and Barakzai, refused to give up their lands. Only the Popalzai finally offered him his pick of their lands. The foundations for the city were laid in June, 1761.<sup>[28]</sup> Once begun, the city was built with grand proportions. It was laid out in the form of a regular rectangle with a circumference of three miles; walls 30 feet thick at the bottom and 15 feet at the top, rose 27 feet high to enclose it. Outside, the walls were ringed by a moat 24 feet wide. Six mammoth gateways pierced these walls: the Eid Gah Gate on the north, the Shikarpur Gate on the south; the Herat and Top Khana Gates on the west; and, the Bar Durrani and Kabul Gates on the east. At its peak, Ahmad Shah's empire included present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, the [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]] and [[Quhistan|Kohistan]] provinces of Iran, along with [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in India. In October 1772, Ahmad Shah retired and died from a natural cause.<sup>[29]</sup> A new city was laid out by Ahmad Shah and is dominated by his mausoleum, which is adjacent to the [[Mosque of the Cloak of the Prophet Mohammed|Mosque of the Cloak]] in the centre of the city. By 1776, his eldest son [[Timur Shah Durrani|Timur Shah]] had transferred Afghanistan's main capital, due to several conflicts with various Pashtun tribes, from Kandahar to Kabul, where the [[Durrani]] legacy continued. | |||
From 1818 to 1855, Kandahar was ruled by half-brothers of [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] as an [[Principality of Qandahar|independent principality]]. In September 1826, [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi|Syed Ahmad Shaheed]]'s followers arrived to Kandahar in search of volunteers to help them wage [[jihad]] against the [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] invaders to what is now Pakistan. Led by [[Ranjit Singh]], the [[Sikhs]] had captured several of Afghanistan's territories in the east, including what is now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Kashmir]]. More than 400 local Kandahar warriors assembled themselves for the jihad. Sayed Din Mohammad Kandharai was appointed as their leader. | |||
[[British Raj|British-led Indian forces]] from neighbouring [[British India]] invaded the city in 1839, during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]], but withdrew in 1842. In November 1855 Dost Mohammad Khan conquered Kandahar. The British and Indian forces returned in 1878 during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]. They emerged from the city in July 1880 to confront the forces of [[Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)|Ayub Khan]], but were defeated at the [[Battle of Maiwand]]. They were again forced to withdraw a few years later, despite winning the [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|Battle of Kandahar]]. | |||
Kandahar remained peaceful for the next 100 years, except during 1929 when loyalists of [[Habibullah Kalakani]] (Bache Saqqaw) placed the fortified city on lock-down and began torturing its population. Nobody was allowed to enter or leave from within the city's tall defensive walls, and as a result of this many people suffered after running out of food supplies. This lasted until October 1929 when [[Mohammed Nadir Shah|Nadir Khan]] and his Afghan army came to eliminate Kalakani, known as the Tajik bandit from the village of [[Kalakan]] in northern Kabul | |||
[[Category:Nations (Aurora)]] | |||
[[Category:Nations]] | |||
[[Category:Aurora]] | |||