United States: Difference between revisions

From EarthMC
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Atlanta hyperlink added)
 
(19 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[File:Flag of the Kingdom of America.png|thumb|Flag of the United States Empire|450x450px]]The United States is an Imperial Constitutional Democratic Republic led by Emperor RobotGamer__ I. The nation goes by two names, both the United States and the United States Empire. The capital city of the nation is [[Atlanta]] with a population count of over 300 as of the time of writing. The United States currently sits as the second largest nation in Aurora, amassing over 400 citizens.
[[File:United States Flag.png|thumb|800x800px|Flag of the United States Empire.]]
[[File:Atlanta Town Spawn.png|none|thumb|700x700px|Capital city of the United States, Atlanta.]]
[[File:Emperor Portrait.png|thumb|212x212px|Former official portrait of the Supreme Emperor Aug 2023-Feb 2024.]]
The United States is an Imperial Constitutional Democratic Republic led by Supreme Emperor Bitgold the First. The nation goes by two names, both the United States and the United States Empire. The capital city of the nation is [[Aurora:Atlanta|Atlanta]] which had a peak population count of 323 residents on the 5th September 2023. The United States was once the largest nation in Aurora with over 450 citizens, surpassing Indochina on the 9th September 2023. The capital city was the largest town in Aurora for over 10 weeks. The official United States discord is: https://discord.gg/JxZuGRrePT .  


== Constitution of the United States (Empire) ==
The United States Empire is a member of the United States of America Meganation (formerly known as the North American Union) since 5th January 2024, with the meganation also including Arizona, Canada, Colorado, Caribbean, Durango, Florida, Louisiana, Mexico, Newfoundland, North_Alaska, Ruperts_Land, Slave Lake, South_Carolina, Santa_Rosalìa, USA, and Utah. Bitgold has been leader of the USA Meganation since 26th July 2024.
This constitution, written by RobotGamer__, is for the in-game nation “United_States” whose official name is the “The United States Empire”, which may also be officially abbreviated to the “United States” or “US”. The Constitution must be followed by all citizens of the United States, including all members of Government. All towns in the United States must follow the Constitution.
[[File:Atlanta Spawn.png|none|thumb|700x700px|Capital city of the United States, Atlanta, 2nd February 2024.]]


=== ARTICLE I - The Senate ===
== History ==
The United_States has only had one leader throughout its nearly 2 year history, Supreme Emperor Bitgold. The nation has been at war twice and won both. Historically the nation has avoided much foreign diplomacy, but in recent months Bitgold has made foreign relations increasingly more of a priority.


# All legislative powers shall be vested in the Senate with the President having the power to veto all and any legislation passed by the Senate.
* 🗽'''3rd May 2022 -''' The future capital of the United_States, Atlanta, is formed by Bitgold.
# The Senate shall be made up of all Mayors of all towns in the United States.  
* 🏆'''9th January 2023 -''' Atlanta reaches the 100 resident milestone.
# Senators have the power to propose and vote on decisions/laws affecting the United States in the form of bills.  
* 🗽'''22nd February 2023 -''' United_States is created by Bitgold, first Constitution is declared. The name United_States is bought by Bitgold off of karatoss, who previously owned the nation name and changes his nation back to Louisiana.
# Every town in the United States has 1 seat, and thus 1 vote, in the Senate by default - filled by their Mayor. However, towns gain a second seat once they reach 25 residents. This continues, adding a seat for every 25 residents. For example, a town with 75 residents would have the default Mayor seat, and then an additional 3 seats.  
* 💥'''28th May 2023 -''' Mississippi declares war on United_States without justification.
## A Mayor can choose to fill his additional seat/s with another/other resident/s from his town. This is the preferred option.
* 🏆'''22nd July 2023 -''' Atlanta reaches 200 resident milestone.
## Alternatively, a Mayor can choose to leave his additional seat/s vacant, and simply cast his additional votes himself. This is the default option.
* 🏆'''18th August 2023 -''' Atlanta reaches 300 resident milestone and becomes the #1 largest town in the world based on population size. United_States becomes the #2 largest nation in the world.
# For a bill to pass, it must receive a majority (50%+1) vote of approval in the Senate. Once passed the bill will be sent to the President for ratification. If a bill receives less than a majority, or it receives a tie, then it fails.
* 🏆'''5th September 2023 -''' Atlanta becomes the only town with a resident count over 200 and 300, making it the largest town on the server by a margin of '''169 citizens... nice.'''
## Bills that have failed cannot be copy, pasted and then proposed again in the Senate until 30 days have passed from the time they failed. They may, however, be proposed again if they have been rewritten and undergone change/s.
* 🏆'''9th September 2023 -''' The United_States takes the #1 spot on /n list, making it the largest nation in Aurora with a population of '''459 citziens'''.
## Bills that have been vetoed can be proposed again immediately through the process of a veto override. This requires a three quarters (¾) majority vote of approval in the Senate. If it fails then Part 5 (a) Article I of this Constitution applies. 
* 💥'''Fall 2023 -''' War with Mississippi unofficially ends with departure of OfficialChad from Mississippi, leading to United_States victory.
# Upon receiving the President’s ratification, a bill becomes struck into law and shall be known as an act.  
* 📰'''2nd November 2023 -''' Atlanta loses it's #1 spot on /t list after being the largest town on the server for over 10 weeks.
# It is the role of the President and his Executive to introduce all acts that have been ratified.
* 💥'''23rd November 2023 -''' US (formerly known as Alabama) declares war on United_States without justification.
# The President may dissolve the Senate during a national emergency. A national emergency may only be called by the Senate with a two-thirds (⅔) majority.
* 🗽'''7th December 2023 -''' The Senate of the United States officially consents to ''Operation Armageddon: The Nuclear Option''. This was the operation would downsize Atlanta from 939 chunks to 176 in response to the impending threat of the overclaim update.
# The Emperor and/or President may pass acts by Decree when the number of town Mayors is below 5.
* 💥'''13th December 2023 -''' US war against United_States ends in under 3 weeks, with the US surrendering to the United_States.
# The Constitution may be amended with a two-thirds (⅔) majority vote in the Senate. Approval from the President is not required for Constitutional amendments.
* 🗽'''13th December 2023 -''' End of Atlanta (as we know it) party is held at 7:30 PM GMT to celebrate Atlanta's huge 939 chunk claims before it downsizes in response to the overclaim update.
# In the event there is evidence of the President breaking the law, the Senate may hold a vote to impeach him. If the vote reaches a three-quarters (¾) majority in favour of impeachment, the President shall be removed and a new Presidential election held.
* 📰'''14th December 2023 -''' ''Operation Armageddon: The Nuclear Option'' is fully executed. Atlanta shrinks to 176 chunks.
* 📰'''19th December 2023 -''' Co-Mayor of Atlanta and Crown Prince of the United_States, Bliksemman, leaves EarthMC.
* 🗽'''5th January 2024 -''' United_States joins North American Union following the signing of the Treaty on the United States Empire membership of the North American Union. The Treaty is signed by Bitgold, Ghostyuu, Foam42, Drchemisalive, thog___, FroyourFilms, SpriteLIVE, 911saph, Runaway_Five, kountr, cahden.
* 🏆'''16th January 2024 -''' United_States becomes the richest nation in North America and the 4th richest nation in the world (when typing /n list by balance).
* 💢'''22nd January 2024 -''' United_States condemns US, stating their leader, oIsar, broke their word regarding the sanctioning of the town Megali_Idea.
* 🗽'''5th February 2024 -''' United_States becomes in-game allies with US following regime change in the nation and the nation joining the NAU. The United_States is the third in-game ally of the US.
* 📰'''26th July 2024 -''' Bitgold becomes leader of the United States of America Meganation (formerly known as the North American Union).


=== ARTICLE II - The House of Representatives ===
== New Constitution of the United States Empire ==
'''Written by Bitgold on 1st and 2nd February 2024.'''


# The House of Representatives shall be an advisory chamber to the Senate. This means Representatives may propose bills and if they receive a majority vote of approval in the House of Representatives, the bill then goes to the Senate for a final vote. If a majority of the Senate vote in approval, then the bill goes to the President to receive ratification.  
'''Full version:''' [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GiFdgdPO1NNBHfTYNNwCwlBMFvBxgCqdjBGig8nwC0g/edit?usp=sharing here] '''TL;DR version:''' [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FhE4II9nYF7pp3HqHebWX1dcOZVCPwPvLCBC77QY_HM/edit?usp=sharing here]
# All Representatives and Deputy Representatives are members of the House of Representatives. They are appointed by the Emperor in accordance to their loyalty and service to the United States.
[[File:NAUUNITEDSTATESTREATY.png|thumb|786x786px|Treaty on United States membership of the NAU.]]
# A Representative and Deputy Representative may have their title removed by the Emperor if they have broken the law, or if a majority vote in the Senate instructs a removal. Representatives may vote on, and propose, laws, Deputy Representatives may only vote on laws and not propose any.


=== ARTICLE III - The Emperor and the President ===
== Treaty on the United States Empire membership of the North American Union ==
This Treaty details the formal membership of the United States Empire to the North American Union. It took effect on the 5th of January 2024 following it's approval in the Senate of the United States Empire and subsequent signature from the Supreme Emperor.


# The Emperor shall hold the in-game rank of Nation Leader of the United State at all times.
=== Declaration of Integration ===
# The Emperor shall be regarded as the head of state, and the President the head of government.
# The Emperor may assume the position of President during times when both the offices of President and Vice President are vacant.
# The Emperor may override vetoes and ratifications made by the President on bills passed by the Senate.
# The first Emperor of the United States shall be Emperor Robot the First, also known as RobotGamer__, who may pass on his imperial title whenever he wishes and to whomever he wishes, so long as they are in the House of Robot Imperial Family.
## Members of the House of Robot are chosen unilaterally by Emperor Robot I, and once in the House of Robot, you may never leave it unless you wish to leave, or with a unanimous vote in the Senate approving of the removal, making you almost permanently in line for the throne.
# The Emperor and President are responsible for holding votes in the Senate and House of Representatives. If a Senator or Representative wishes to put a bill up for vote, they must send the bill to the Emperor and/or President who must then place the bill up for vote. The Emperor and President are not allowed to refuse to put a bill up for vote.


=== ARTICLE IV - Presidential Elections ===
# Upon the signing of this pact, the Supreme Emperor of the United States Empire, Bitgold, with the consent of the United States Senate, formally declares that the United States Empire shall not enter a war or other form of aggression against nations that are official members of the North American Union.
# All signatories of this treaty formally declare that their nations, collectively known as the North American Union, shall not enter a war or other form of aggression against the United States Empire unless seriously provoked.
# All signatories of this agreement also agree to the following stipulations:
## All future relations and interactions shall aim to construct a mutual peace between all signatory nations in this pact. All disputes must be resolved through discussion and compromise only.
## No signatory nation shall release hunters, mercenaries or griefers upon members of any of the other signatory nations. No signatory nation shall permit hunters to act on their behalf for the purposes of hindering the operations and general wellbeing of citizens of any signatory nation.
## All signatory nations will be neutral or supportive in disputes, conflicts, and wars other signatory nations have with other nations.


# The President shall be directly democratically elected every 90 days. It is the Emperor’s responsibility to ensure the election is held fairly via the United States discord (<nowiki>https://discord.gg/U5TDCtd4WN</nowiki>).
=== SIGNED: ===
# Any citizen of the United States who has been a citizen for a minimum of 30 days may run for President.
'''Bitgold''', Mayor of Atlanta, Supreme Emperor of the United States Empire.
## To apply to stand in the election, a citizen must have a running-mate who will be their Vice President if elected.
## A citizen may not stand as a candidate for President without also having a running-mate candidate for Vice President.
# All United States citizens who have been a citizen for a minimum of 14 days prior to the election have the right to vote for the President.
## Citizens who are currently wanted for breaking the law of the United States may not stand in the election. Only once they have served their punishment may they stand. See Part 4 (a), Article V and Part 5 (a), Article VII of this Constitution for how committing Treason and/or Blackmail affect this.
# The Presidential Election shall have two rounds. The first round shall see all candidates up for vote. The top two candidates with the most votes make it to the final round. In the final round citizens must vote a second time, but only voting for one of the two candidates. The candidate with the most votes wins the election and becomes President, along with their running-mate who becomes the Vice President, until the next election 90 days later. Citizens may only cast one vote in each round.
## In the event that any round ends in a tie, a further “run-off” round is held.
## If a run-off of the first round is a tie and there are more than two candidates, then the Emperor decides which final two candidates will reach the final round.
## If a run-off of the final round is a tie, then one of the candidates becomes the President for the first 45 days in the 90 day term, with the other candidate becoming his Vice President for that time. They then swap positions for the remaining 45 days. If the two candidates cannot agree amongst themselves what order they become President, then the Emperor may choose.
# In the event only one candidate stands for President, an election would thus not be possible meaning the Emperor may choose whether or not to assume the position of President himself, or let the candidate assume the position.


=== ARTICLE V - The Executive ===
'''Ghostyuu''', Mayor of Washington DC, Empress of the United States of America.


# The Executive shall be made up of the President, Vice-President and their Cabinet. The President wields the power to create cabinet positions and department leaders to help execute the duties of the Executive.
'''Foam42''', Mayor of Styrofoam, Leader of Newfoundland.
# In the event the President resigns, becomes inactive for a period of 14 days without notification to the Senate, or is impeached, the Vice President is to assume his position as President.
# If there is evidence of the Emperor, President or any member of the Executive breaking the Constitution, the Senate may hold a vote on whether or not the official in question has breached the Constitution.
## If the vote receives a unanimous vote of approval, they are to be removed from their position and permanently banned from standing for President, Vice President and entering the Executive.
## If the vote is on the Emperor and unanimously passes, then the House of Representatives is to hold a vote along with a vote in the Executive where the President, Vice President and all their department leaders are to vote as well. If the House of Representatives and Executive also vote unanimously in favour of removal, the Emperor is to resign as Nation Leader and hand their position to the next in line to the throne.
## Officials who have been removed for breaching the Constitution are not allowed to be appointed, or elected, back into the Executive unless the Senate votes unanimously in favour of allowing them.
# Treason shall be defined as plotting or attempting to unconstitutionally seize power in any way that belongs to the Emperor, President and the Executive of the United States.
## Committing Treason shall be the highest crime a citizen can commit. Anyone found to have committed treason are to be permanently banned from holding a seat in the Senate, House of Representatives, becoming the Emperor, President, Vice President or any position in the Executive. This can only be reversed by a unanimous vote of approval in the Senate, House of Representatives and Executive.


=== ARTICLE VI - The Judiciary ===
'''Drchemisalive''', Councillor of Styrofoam, Chancellor of Newfoundland.


# The Emperor is the supreme judicial authority in the United States who acts as the sole judge in court. As the supreme judicial authority, the Emperor decides whether a citizen has or has not broken the law. The Emperor must use evidence to make his decision.
'''thog___''', Mayor of Santa_Rosalía, Monarca of Santa_Rosalía.
# The Emperor must act impartially in all court cases. Failure to act impartially would be in breach of this Constitution.
# The Emperor may decide what punishment to give a citizen that has been found to have committed a crime.
# As the supreme judicial authority, the Emperor is responsible for upholding the constitution of the United States. They may decide when the constitution has been broken, and who is responsible for breaking it. The only exception to this is if the Emperor is suspected of breaching the Constitution, in which case Part 3 of Article IV of this Constitution applies.
# The Emperor may choose to physically hold a court session in the Atlanta High Court, or hold the session via a discord text channel. The Emperor must let the defendant have reasonable time to defend themselves. All court sessions must be publicly viewable by citizens of the United States.
# The Emperor may choose to not hold a court session at all for non-serious crimes which can be dealt with immediately.
# In the extreme event of a court case where there is no evidence for either side, the Emperor may issue a "Imperial Declaration of Belief".
## This requires the Senate to review the case, and give their opinions by vote, with a simple majority to finalise their decision. This should only ever be used as a last resort.
## The Imperial Declaration of Belief shall state which side the Emperor, and the Senate, believes has the most compelling argument. That side shall be declared the winner of the trial, unless future evidence is provided.
## If future evidence is provided, the trial shall be reheard, and the decision shall be based on the new evidence presented.
## The “Imperial Declaration of Belief” shall be final and binding, unless the case is reheard.


=== ARTICLE VII - Bill of Rights ===
'''FroyourFilms''', Mayor of Yellowknife, Roi of Great Slave.


# No citizen may kill a fellow citizen without their permission, unless it is in self defence.
'''SpriteLIVE''', Mayor of Durango, King of Durango.
# In no town may there be unsafe conditions where it is easy for a citizen to die. For example, an exposed pit where a citizen could fall to their death, or die in lava.  
 
# In all towns of the United States, no plots may have PvP toggled without permission from the Emperor or President.
'''911saph''', Mayor of Hermsillo, Leader of Mexico.  
## Only once permission is granted may a plot have PvP toggled. It is required that PvP only be toggled for recreational purposes, meaning people engaging in PvP are doing so by consent.
 
# The people of the United States hold the following to be true: Any town located in North America should have the freedom to choose whether to be in the United States or not. We will not force any town to be in our nation against their will. We believe that all other nations should also allow towns a freedom of choice. No Mayor should feel intimidated or pressured into joining a nation they do not want to be a part of just because a nation proclaims their land to be a part of their claims. If a nation wants to focus on nearby towns, then that is fine. But at no point should a nation intimidate or force a town to join just because they are within 'borders'. It must always be down to the town's decision.
'''Runaway_Five''', Mayor of Las Vegas, Leader of Arizona.
# Blackmail shall be defined as an act of forcing another person/s to act in an involuntary manner by the threat of revealing or publicising either true or false information about a person or people unless certain demands are met.
 
## It is an extreme offence to commit blackmail on one or more persons. Senators who commit this offence are to be temporarily suspended from the Senate for 3 weeks. If the President, Vice President or any member of the Executive is found to have committed blackmail, they are to be removed from office for 3 weeks.
'''kountr''', Mayor of Churchill, Leader of Ruperts Land.
## The person who has been found to be blackmailed may request compensation from the blackmailer. On a case-by-case basis the Emperor may decide the level of compensation the person blackmailed may receive, and whether it is reasonable they receive compensation at all.
 
'''cahden''', Mayor of Hawaii, Kahuna of Hawaii.

Latest revision as of 20:49, 26 July 2024

Overview

Flag of the United States Empire.
Former official portrait of the Supreme Emperor Aug 2023-Feb 2024.

The United States is an Imperial Constitutional Democratic Republic led by Supreme Emperor Bitgold the First. The nation goes by two names, both the United States and the United States Empire. The capital city of the nation is Atlanta which had a peak population count of 323 residents on the 5th September 2023. The United States was once the largest nation in Aurora with over 450 citizens, surpassing Indochina on the 9th September 2023. The capital city was the largest town in Aurora for over 10 weeks. The official United States discord is: https://discord.gg/JxZuGRrePT .

The United States Empire is a member of the United States of America Meganation (formerly known as the North American Union) since 5th January 2024, with the meganation also including Arizona, Canada, Colorado, Caribbean, Durango, Florida, Louisiana, Mexico, Newfoundland, North_Alaska, Ruperts_Land, Slave Lake, South_Carolina, Santa_Rosalìa, USA, and Utah. Bitgold has been leader of the USA Meganation since 26th July 2024.

Capital city of the United States, Atlanta, 2nd February 2024.

History

The United_States has only had one leader throughout its nearly 2 year history, Supreme Emperor Bitgold. The nation has been at war twice and won both. Historically the nation has avoided much foreign diplomacy, but in recent months Bitgold has made foreign relations increasingly more of a priority.

  • 🗽3rd May 2022 - The future capital of the United_States, Atlanta, is formed by Bitgold.
  • 🏆9th January 2023 - Atlanta reaches the 100 resident milestone.
  • 🗽22nd February 2023 - United_States is created by Bitgold, first Constitution is declared. The name United_States is bought by Bitgold off of karatoss, who previously owned the nation name and changes his nation back to Louisiana.
  • 💥28th May 2023 - Mississippi declares war on United_States without justification.
  • 🏆22nd July 2023 - Atlanta reaches 200 resident milestone.
  • 🏆18th August 2023 - Atlanta reaches 300 resident milestone and becomes the #1 largest town in the world based on population size. United_States becomes the #2 largest nation in the world.
  • 🏆5th September 2023 - Atlanta becomes the only town with a resident count over 200 and 300, making it the largest town on the server by a margin of 169 citizens... nice.
  • 🏆9th September 2023 - The United_States takes the #1 spot on /n list, making it the largest nation in Aurora with a population of 459 citziens.
  • 💥Fall 2023 - War with Mississippi unofficially ends with departure of OfficialChad from Mississippi, leading to United_States victory.
  • 📰2nd November 2023 - Atlanta loses it's #1 spot on /t list after being the largest town on the server for over 10 weeks.
  • 💥23rd November 2023 - US (formerly known as Alabama) declares war on United_States without justification.
  • 🗽7th December 2023 - The Senate of the United States officially consents to Operation Armageddon: The Nuclear Option. This was the operation would downsize Atlanta from 939 chunks to 176 in response to the impending threat of the overclaim update.
  • 💥13th December 2023 - US war against United_States ends in under 3 weeks, with the US surrendering to the United_States.
  • 🗽13th December 2023 - End of Atlanta (as we know it) party is held at 7:30 PM GMT to celebrate Atlanta's huge 939 chunk claims before it downsizes in response to the overclaim update.
  • 📰14th December 2023 - Operation Armageddon: The Nuclear Option is fully executed. Atlanta shrinks to 176 chunks.
  • 📰19th December 2023 - Co-Mayor of Atlanta and Crown Prince of the United_States, Bliksemman, leaves EarthMC.
  • 🗽5th January 2024 - United_States joins North American Union following the signing of the Treaty on the United States Empire membership of the North American Union. The Treaty is signed by Bitgold, Ghostyuu, Foam42, Drchemisalive, thog___, FroyourFilms, SpriteLIVE, 911saph, Runaway_Five, kountr, cahden.
  • 🏆16th January 2024 - United_States becomes the richest nation in North America and the 4th richest nation in the world (when typing /n list by balance).
  • 💢22nd January 2024 - United_States condemns US, stating their leader, oIsar, broke their word regarding the sanctioning of the town Megali_Idea.
  • 🗽5th February 2024 - United_States becomes in-game allies with US following regime change in the nation and the nation joining the NAU. The United_States is the third in-game ally of the US.
  • 📰26th July 2024 - Bitgold becomes leader of the United States of America Meganation (formerly known as the North American Union).

New Constitution of the United States Empire

Written by Bitgold on 1st and 2nd February 2024.

Full version: here TL;DR version: here

Treaty on United States membership of the NAU.

Treaty on the United States Empire membership of the North American Union

This Treaty details the formal membership of the United States Empire to the North American Union. It took effect on the 5th of January 2024 following it's approval in the Senate of the United States Empire and subsequent signature from the Supreme Emperor.

Declaration of Integration

  1. Upon the signing of this pact, the Supreme Emperor of the United States Empire, Bitgold, with the consent of the United States Senate, formally declares that the United States Empire shall not enter a war or other form of aggression against nations that are official members of the North American Union.
  2. All signatories of this treaty formally declare that their nations, collectively known as the North American Union, shall not enter a war or other form of aggression against the United States Empire unless seriously provoked.
  3. All signatories of this agreement also agree to the following stipulations:
    1. All future relations and interactions shall aim to construct a mutual peace between all signatory nations in this pact. All disputes must be resolved through discussion and compromise only.
    2. No signatory nation shall release hunters, mercenaries or griefers upon members of any of the other signatory nations. No signatory nation shall permit hunters to act on their behalf for the purposes of hindering the operations and general wellbeing of citizens of any signatory nation.
    3. All signatory nations will be neutral or supportive in disputes, conflicts, and wars other signatory nations have with other nations.

SIGNED:

Bitgold, Mayor of Atlanta, Supreme Emperor of the United States Empire.

Ghostyuu, Mayor of Washington DC, Empress of the United States of America.

Foam42, Mayor of Styrofoam, Leader of Newfoundland.

Drchemisalive, Councillor of Styrofoam, Chancellor of Newfoundland.

thog___, Mayor of Santa_Rosalía, Monarca of Santa_Rosalía.

FroyourFilms, Mayor of Yellowknife, Roi of Great Slave.

SpriteLIVE, Mayor of Durango, King of Durango.

911saph, Mayor of Hermsillo, Leader of Mexico.

Runaway_Five, Mayor of Las Vegas, Leader of Arizona.

kountr, Mayor of Churchill, Leader of Ruperts Land.

cahden, Mayor of Hawaii, Kahuna of Hawaii.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.earthmc.net/index.php?title=United_States&oldid=243639"