President

President is a common title for the head of state in most republics, or for a head of government in many monarchies on EarthMC. The president of a nation is, generally speaking, the head of the government and the fundamental leader of the country or the ceremonial head of state.

The functions exercised by a president vary according to the form of government. In parliamentary republics, they are usually, but not always, limited to those of the head of state and are thus largely ceremonial. In presidential and semi-presidential republics, the role of the president is more prominent, encompassing also (in most cases) the functions of the head of government. In many monarchies on EMC, the title of President is used for an elected head of government separate from the Monarch that heads an executive cabinet. In authoritarian regimes or ones without elections, a dictator or leader of a one-party state may also be called a president. Many nations on EarthMC, whether they be republics, dictatorships, and monarchies, use the title of President in some part of their government, and the methods for which these Presidents hold their office differ greatly, from direct and indirect elections, to presidents for life.

Description

Presidential republics

In almost all republics with a presidential system of government, the president exercises the functions of both head of state and head of government, i.e. the president directs the executive branch of government. In a presidential system of government, the President leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch, and is not directly responsible to the legislature, with the legislature often not being able to dismiss the president except in extraordinary cases. A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government comes to power by gaining the confidence of a legislature. Presidents in this system are typically either directly elected by popular vote or indirectly elected by an electoral college or some other elective body.

List of Presidents within presidential republics on Terra Aurora

Current presidential offices under the system

• President of Cascadia
• President of Armenia
• President of the Philippine Federal Republic
• President of the Midwest Union
• President of Kazakhstan

Former presidential offices under the system

• President of the United States of America - (Basically every time the United States of America has existed throughout the history of EarthMC)
• President of Patagonia - (Abolished in autocoup and replaced with Monarchy)
• President of Chad - (Democracy abolished due to quitting of most high-level officials)
• President of Spain - (Democracy abolished in favor of oligarchy)

Semi-presidential republics

A second system is the semi-presidential system. In this system, as in the parliamentary system, there are both a president and a prime minister (or a similar position); but unlike the parliamentary system, the president may have significant day-to-day power. This is similar in respects to many monarchies on EarthMC, in which there is a still-powerful monarch and an appointed or elected head of government headed by a Prime Minister or another title. However, under this system, the head of state is an elected president who roots its legitimacy within the democratic system.

Current presidential offices under the system

• President of Turkey - Semi-presidential system de jure, unelected dictatorship de facto

Parliamentary republics

The parliamentary republic is a parliamentary system in which the presidency is largely ceremonial with either de facto or de jure no significant executive authority or power, and the executive powers rests with the prime minister or other title of the head of government who automatically assumes the post via election or confidence of the legislature; but is often formally appointed by the President. However, the president is often head of the civil service, commander in chief of the armed forces and in some cases can dissolve parliament. While being very common in real life, especially in Europe and the Indian sub-continent, it is a lot scarcer to find on EarthMC, with many parliamentary systems operating under a monarchy, and many republics opting for a strong presidency often found in presidential systems (This might also have something to do with a lopsided amount of EMC players being Americans). A president within a parliamentary republic is more likely to be indirectly elected, whether it be via parliament or another body, and may often serve longer terms than executive presidents.

List of Presidents within parliamentary republics on Terra Aurora

Current presidential offices under the system

• President of Bulgaria

Former presidential offices under the system

• President of Rhodesia - (Nation sold and democracy abolished)

Constitutional monarchies

Some countries that have a monarch as a head of state who serves as effectively the leader of the nation, while also having a President as an elected head of government who heads the executive branch. The power of the monarch in these models often varies greatly, from a ceremonial role to a more prominent one; however in this type of system, the title of President is used in a way that in other systems could be referred to as a Prime Minister; however often lacking the requirement for parliamentary confidence.

List of Presidents within constitutional monarchies on Terra Aurora

Current presidential offices under the system

• President of Mexico - (Outranked by the Emperor)
• President of the United States Empire - (Outranked by the Emperor)

Former presidential offices under the system

• President of Louisiana - (Outranked by the Emperor)
• President of Texas - (Outranked by the King and Chancellors)

Dictatorships

In dictatorships, the title of president is often taken by self-appointed leaders. The title of President for Life is a title assumed by some dictators to try to ensure their authority or legitimacy is never questioned. In most dictatorships with a self-appointed President, there are usually no elections or any other governmental body.

List of Presidents as Dictators on Terra Aurora

• President of China
• President of Finland
• President of Ukraine
• President of USA